Irregular Verbs (C-Level) | Infinitive, Past, and Past Participle
This page lists 150+ irregular verbs in English. Irregular verbs are verbs that do not add -d or -ed to the infinitive (or base form) to create the past, the past participle, or both forms.
Irregular verbs are verbs that do not add -d or -ed to the infinitive (or base form) to create the past, the past participle, or both forms.
Verbs are included that have both regular and irregular forms. For example, “learn” and “show” have both regular (learn - learned - learned) and irregular (learn - learnt - learnt) past and past participle forms.
The “infinitive” can be used with “to” (the full infinitive or to-infinitive) or without “to." These are called the the full infinitive or to-infinitive (e.g., to do, to dance, to put) and the bare infinitive or the base form of the verb (e.g., do, dance, put).
The infinitive is also used to create the gerund and the present participle verb forms by adding the -ing suffix to the base form (doing, dancing, putting).
In the gerund and present participle forms of the verb, spelling changes may occur. For example, depending on word, the final -e may be dropped (e.g., choose > choosing, make > making, shake > shaking) or the final single consonant preceded by a single vowel is doubled (e.g., cut > cutting, forbid > forbidding, get > getting). On this list, only the gerunds undergoing spelling changes are listed.
The past infinitive is created by using the auxiliary “have” and the past participle form of the verb (e.g., to have done, to have danced, to have put).
Obsolete or archaic verbs have been excluded from the list (e.g., atride, atrode, atridden; bethrow, bethrew, bethrown; hote, hight, hoten).
Level
advanced
A
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
abide (stand) abided (live) |
abided abode |
abided abode |
arise | arose | arisen |
awake | awaked awoke |
awaked awoke awoken |
B
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
be | was, were | been |
bear | bore | born borne |
beat | beat | beat |
become | became | become |
beget | begot | begotten |
begin | began | begun |
bend | bent | bent |
bet | bet | bet |
bid | bid bade |
bid bidden |
bind | bound | bound |
bite | bit | bitten |
bleed | bled | bled |
blow | blew | blown |
break | broke | broken |
bring | brought | brought |
broadcast | broadcast broadcasted |
broadcast broadcasted |
build | built | built |
burn | burned burnt |
burned burnt |
burst | burst | burst |
buy | bought | bought |
C
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
can | could | (been able to) |
cast | cast | cast |
catch | caught | caught |
choose | chose | chosen |
cling | clung | clung |
clothe | clothed clad |
clothed clad |
come | came | come |
cost | cost | cost |
creep | crept | crept |
cut | cut | cut |
D
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
deal | dealt | dealt |
dig | dug | dug |
dive | dived dove |
dived dove |
do | did | done |
drag | dragged drug |
dragged drug |
draw | drew | drawn |
dream | dreamed dreamt |
dreamed dreamt |
drink | drank | drunk |
drive | drove | driven |
dwell | dwelled dwelt |
dwelled dwelt |
E
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
eat | ate | eaten |
F
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
fall | fell | fallen |
feed | fed | fed |
feel | felt | felt |
fight | fought | fought |
find | found | found |
flee | fled | fled |
fling | flung | flung |
fly | flew | flown |
forbear | forbore | forborne |
forbid | forbade | forbidden |
forego | forewent | foregone |
foresee | foresaw | foreseen |
forget | forgot | forgotten |
forgive | forgave | forgiven |
forgo | forwent | forgone |
forsake | forsook | forsaken |
freeze | froze | frozen |
G
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
get | got | got gotten |
give | gave | given |
go | went | gone |
grind | ground | ground |
grow | grew | grown |
H
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
hang (a picture) | hung | hung |
hang (a person) | hanged | hanged |
have | had | had |
hear | heard | heard |
hide | hid | hidden |
hit | hit | hit |
hold | held | held |
hurt | hurt | hurt |
I
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
input | input inputted |
input inputted |
J
K
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
keep | kept | kept |
kneel | knelt kneeled |
knelt kneeled |
know | knew | known |
L
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
lay | laid | laid |
lead | led | led |
lean | leaned leant |
leaned leant |
leap | leaped leapt |
leaped leapt |
learn | learned learnt |
learned learnt |
leave | left | left |
lend | lent | lent |
let | let | let |
lie (down) | lay | lain |
light | lit lighted |
lit lighted |
lose | lost | lost |
M
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
make | made | made |
may | might | — |
mean | meant | meant |
meet | met | met |
mow | mowed | mown |
must | had to | — |
N
O
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
offset | offset | offset |
overcome | overcame | overcome |
override | overrode | overridden |
oversee | oversaw | overseen |
overtake | overtook | overtaken |
overwrite | overwrote | overwritten |
P
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
partake | partook | partaken |
pay | paid | paid |
plead | pleaded pled |
pleaded pled |
preset | preset | preset |
prove | proved | proved proven |
put | put | put |
Q
quit | quit | quit |
R
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
read | read | read |
rend | rent | rent |
rid | rid | rid |
ride | rode | ridden |
ring | rang | rung |
rise | rose | risen |
run | ran | run |
S
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
saw | sawed | sawed sawn |
say | said | said |
see | saw | seen |
seek | sought | sought |
sell | sold | sold |
send | sent | sent |
set | set | set |
sew | sewed | sewn sewed |
shake | shook | shaken |
shall | should | — |
shed | shed | shed |
shoe | shod | shod |
shoot | shot | shot |
show | showed | shown showed |
shrink | shrank | shrunk |
shut | shut | shut |
sing | sang sung |
sung |
sink | sank sunk |
sunk sunken |
sit | sat | sat |
slay | slew slayed |
slain slayed |
sleep | slept | slept |
slide | slid | slid |
slit | slit | slit |
smell | smelled smelt |
smelled smelt |
sow | sowed | sown sowed |
speak | spoke | spoken |
speed | sped | sped |
spell | spelled spelt |
spelled spelt |
spend | spent | spent |
spill | spilled spilt |
spilled spilt |
spin | spun | spun |
spit | spat spit |
spat spit |
split | split | split |
spoil | spoiled spoilt |
spoiled spoilt |
spread | spread | spread |
stand | stood | stood |
steal | stole | stolen |
stick | stuck | stuck |
sting | stung | stung |
stink | stank | stunk |
strike | struck | stricken |
swear | swore | sworn |
sweat | sweat sweated |
sweat sweated |
sweep | swept | swept |
swell | swelled | swelled swollen |
swim | swam | swum |
swing | swung | swung |
T
take | took | taken |
teach | taught | taught |
tear | tore | torn |
tell | told | told |
think | thought | thought |
thrive | thrived throve |
thrived thriven |
throw | threw | thrown |
thrust | thrust | thrust |
typeset | typeset | typeset |
U
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
undergo | underwent | undergone |
understand | understood | understood |
V
W
Infinitive | Past Tense | Past Participle |
---|---|---|
wake | woke | woken |
wear | wore | worn |
weave (something) weave (move) |
wove weaved |
woven weaved |
weep | wept | wept |
wet | wet wetted |
wet wetted |
will | would | — |
win | won | won |
wind | wound | wound |
withdraw | withdrew | withdrawn |
wring | wrung wrang |
wrung |
write | wrote | written |