The infinitive, or the base form of a verb listed in a dictionary, is an unconjugated verb form used in various grammatical constructions. It commonly combines with other verbs and verb forms.
In certain grammatical structures, the to-infinitive is used, that is, the infinitive appears with the particle “to” before it (e.g., to drink, to go, to play, to write, and so on). Other structures require a bare infinitive, that is, the infinitive without the “to” (e.g., drink, go, play, write, and so on).
Full Infinitive or To-Infinitive
The full infinitive (to-infinitive) consists of the particle “to” followed by the base form of the verb (e.g., to negotiate, to contemplate, to accomplish, etc.).
The to-infinitive serves multiple grammatical functions as shown in the examples below. Understanding these patterns will enhance your fluency and accuracy in both spoken and written English.
Examples using the to-infinitive
The to-infinitive as the subject of sentences
To master a foreign language requires a great deal of practice.
To pursue a career in medicine demands years of study.
To overcome adversity can build character and resilience.
The to-infinitive following certain verbs (verb + to-infinitive)
The committee agreed to postpone the meeting until next week.
She refused to compromise her ethical principles.
We’d love to move to quiter neighborhood.
The to-infinitive expressing purpose
She’s taking classes to enhance her professional qualifications.
The delegates assembled to negotiate a trade agreement.
Many tourists visit this region to experience its rich cultural heritage.
The to-infinitive following adjectives
The management was reluctant to acknowledge the severity of the situation.
It would be advisable to consult an expert before making such a significant investment.
The organization is eager to implement sustainable practices throughout its operations.
Bare Infinitive
The bare infinitive represents the base form of the verb without the particle “to.” It typically follows modal verbs (such as “can,” “should,” or “might”) and certain main verbs including “help,” “let,” and “make.”
Additionally, the bare infinitive appears in two important contexts:
- Causative constructions — verbs that indicate causing or allowing someone to do something. The main causative verbs are make (force/require), let (allow/permit), and have (arrange for someone to do something).
- Verbs of perception — verbs related to the five senses that describe observing an action. These include see, watch, hear, feel, and notice.
Examples using the bare infinitive
The bare infinitive following modal verbs
You should verify all the details before submitting your application.
The storm may hit the city by the weekend.
The authorities might reconsider their position given the new evidence.
The bare infinitive after causative verbs
The supervisor made the team revise the entire proposal. (forced them to revise)
Please let me explain my perspective before you make a decision. (allow me to explain)
The manager had the accountant review all the records. (arranged for the accountant to review)
Could you help me analyze these financial statements?
The bare infinitive after verbs of perception
The residents felt the building shake during the earthquake.
They saw pieces of the building fall off when they ran outside.
Did you hear someone knock on the door just now?
Everyone noticed the company’s culture change after the new CEO was hired.
Split Infinitives
A split infinitive occurs when an adverb or adverbial phrase is inserted between “to” and the base verb. While split infinitives are increasingly accepted in contemporary English and frequently appear in both spoken and written contexts, some traditional grammarians still discourage their use in formal writing.
In academic or professional writing, you may wish to avoid split infinitives to maintain a conservative style, though their use is grammatically legitimate and often enhances clarity or emphasis.
Examples of split infinitives
The organization aims to significantly reduce its environmental impact within the next decade.
You need to thoroughly evaluate all alternatives before reaching a conclusion.
The government pledged to gradually eliminate subsidies for fossil fuel industries.
She aspires to confidently deliver presentations to large international audiences.
And more…
This overview covers the most essential applications of infinitives; however, infinitive structures appear in numerous additional contexts throughout English grammar. Once you have internalized these fundamental patterns, you will be better equipped to recognize and employ infinitives appropriately in more complex constructions.
Quiz
Quiz 1. Complete setences with the correct form of the infinitive.